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Antiglaucoma
- Antiglaucoma
Prescribing Alphagan-P®
Indication
Lowering of intraocular pressure in open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension
Mechanism of Action
Brimonidine is a clonidine derivative and a relatively selective α2 adrenergic receptor agonist. It reduces intraocular pressure by decreasing aqueous humor production and increasing uveoscleral outflow. The inhibition of adenylate cyclase leads to reduced cAMP, which modulates aqueous humor dynamics.
Available Quantities
5 ml, 10 ml, 15 ml
Dosage/Instructions
0.1% or 0.15% 3 times daily, 8 hours apart (monotherapy); twice daily (as adjunctive therapy)Safety Info for Alphagan-P®
Pregnancy & Nursing
No teratogenicity in rats at 360 times the normal human dosage
Pediatric Use
≥2 years
Contraindications, side effects, etc.
Contraindicated in patients on monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs). Warnings include potential for allergic reactions, ocular hyperemia, pruritus, systemic effects due to absorption (e.g., decrease in blood pressure and heart rate), and caution in pediatric patients and those with cardiovascular diseases. Adverse reactions include allergic conjunctivitis, conjunctival hyperemia, eye pruritus, burning sensation, conjunctival folliculosis, hypertension, ocular allergic reaction, oral dryness, visual disturbance, abnormal taste, allergic reaction, asthenia, blepharitis, blurred vision, bronchitis, cataract, conjunctival edema, cough, dizziness, dyspepsia, dyspnea, epiphora, eye discharge, eye dryness, eye irritation, eye pain, eyelid edema, fatigue, flu syndrome, follicular conjunctivitis, foreign body sensation, gastrointestinal disorder, headache, hypercholesterolemia, hypotension, infection, insomnia, keratitis, lid disorder, pharyngitis, photophobia, rash, rhinitis, sinus infection, sinusitis, somnolence, stinging, superficial punctate keratopathy, tearing, visual field defect, vitreous detachment, worsened visual acuity, corneal erosion, hordeolum, nasal dryness, and taste perversion.Brimonidine (0.1%, 0.15%, 0.2% B&L)ophthalmic solution - Antiglaucoma
Prescribing Azopt®
Indication
Lowering intraocular pressure in ocular hypertension or open-angle glaucomaMechanism of Action
Brinzolamide inhibits carbonic anhydrase II in the ciliary processes, which is believed to slow the formation of bicarbonate ions. This reduction leads to decreased sodium and fluid transport, subsequently lowering aqueous humor secretion and reducing intraocular pressure.Available Quantities
10 ml, 15 mlDosage/Instructions
1 drop 3 times dailySafety Info for Azopt®
Pregnancy & Nursing
There are no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women. Use cautiously during pregnancy.Pediatric Use
No studiesContraindications, side effects, etc.
Contraindicated in patients with hypersensitivity to brinzolamide or any other component. Warnings include sulfonamide hypersensitivity reactions, temporary blurred vision, avoiding contamination of the product, caution in patients with intercurrent ocular conditions, and concomitant topical ocular therapy. The preservative in Azopt, benzalkonium chloride, may be absorbed by soft contact lenses, so lenses should be removed during instillation and reinserted after 15 minutes.Brinzolamide 1%ophthalmic suspension - Antiglaucoma
Prescribing Betagan®
Indication
Lowering IOP in chronic open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertensionMechanism of Action
Levobunolol is a noncardioselective beta-blocker. It lowers intraocular pressure (IOP) by decreasing aqueous humor production. This is achieved through the inhibition of beta-adrenergic receptors in the ciliary body, reducing cAMP levels and subsequently decreasing aqueous humor formation.Available Quantities
5 ml, 10 ml, 15 mlDosage/Instructions
0.5%: 1 or 2 drops in the morning to start, twice daily maximum. 0.25%: 1 or 2 drops twice daily.Safety Info for Betagan®
Pregnancy & Nursing
Use cautiously during pregnancy. No adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women.Pediatric Use
No studiesContraindications, side effects, etc.
Contraindicated in asthma, severe COPD, sinus bradycardia, AV block, cardiac failure, cardiogenic shock, hypersensitivity. Warnings include systemic absorption risks, cardiac failure, vascular insufficiency, obstructive pulmonary disease, diabetes mellitus, thyrotoxicosis, choroidal detachment. Adverse reactions: ocular burning, stinging, blepharoconjunctivitis, heart rate and blood pressure decrease, iridocyclitis, headache, ataxia, dizziness, lethargy, urticaria, pruritus.Levobunolol HCL (0.25%, 0.5%)ophthalmic solution - Antiglaucoma
Prescribing Betoptic-S®
Indication
Lowering IOP in chronic open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertensionMechanism of Action
Betaxolol is a beta-1 cardioselective beta-blocker that reduces intraocular pressure by decreasing aqueous humor production. This reduction is thought to be achieved through the inhibition of beta-adrenergic receptors in the eye, leading to decreased formation and secretion of aqueous humor.Available Quantities
2.5 ml, 5 ml, 10 ml, 15 mlDosage/Instructions
0.25%: 1 or 2 drops twice daily (bid)Safety Info for Betoptic-S®
Pregnancy & Nursing
Use cautiously during pregnancy. No adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women.Pediatric Use
≥1 weekContraindications, side effects, etc.
Contraindicated in hypersensitivity, sinus bradycardia, AV block, cardiac failure, cardiogenic shock. Warnings include systemic absorption, cardiac failure, diabetes mellitus, thyrotoxicosis, muscle weakness, surgical anesthesia, bronchospasm, obstructive pulmonary disease, atopy/anaphylaxis, angle-closure glaucoma, vascular insufficiency, bacterial keratitis, choroidal detachment, contact lens wear. Adverse reactions: ocular discomfort, blurred vision, corneal punctate keratitis, foreign body sensation, photophobia, tearing, itching, dry eyes, erythema, inflammation, discharge, ocular pain, decreased visual acuity, crusty lashes, systemic reactions like bradycardia, heart block, congestive failure, pulmonary distress, insomnia, dizziness, vertigo, headaches, depression, lethargy, myasthenia gravis symptoms, hives, toxic epidermal necrolysis, hair loss, glossitis, taste and smell perversions.Betaxolol HCL (0.25%)ophthalmic solution - Antiglaucoma
Prescribing Combigan®
Indication
Reduction of IOP in ocular hypertension or open-angle glaucomaMechanism of Action
Combigan® combines brimonidine, an α2 adrenergic receptor agonist, and timolol, a beta blocker. Brimonidine reduces aqueous humor production and increases uveoscleral outflow, while timolol decreases aqueous humor production by blocking beta2 receptors.Available Quantities
5 ml in 10 ml bottle, 10 ml in 10 ml bottleDosage/Instructions
1 drop twice daily, 12 hours apartSafety Info for Combigan®
Pregnancy & Nursing
Use cautiously during pregnancy. No adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women.Pediatric Use
>2 yearsContraindications, side effects, etc.
Contraindicated in patients on monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs), neonates, and infants. Warnings include potential for allergic reactions, ocular hyperemia, pruritus, systemic effects due to absorption (e.g., decrease in blood pressure and heart rate), and caution in pediatric patients and those with cardiovascular diseases. Adverse reactions include allergic conjunctivitis, conjunctival folliculosis, conjunctival hyperemia, eye pruritus, ocular burning, and stinging. Other reactions: asthenia, blepharitis, corneal erosion, depression, epiphora, eye discharge, eye dryness, eye irritation, eye pain, eyelid edema, eyelid erythema, eyelid pruritus, foreign body sensation, headache, hypertension, oral dryness, somnolence, superficial punctate keratitis, visual disturbance, and more.Brimonidine tartrate 0.2% / Timolol maleate 0.5%ophthalmic solution - Antiglaucoma
Prescribing Cosopt PF®
Indication
Reduction of elevated IOP in open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertensionMechanism of Action
Combines dorzolamide, a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, and timolol, a beta-blocker. Dorzolamide inhibits carbonic anhydrase in the ciliary processes, decreasing aqueous humor production, while timolol reduces aqueous formation by blocking beta2 receptors on nonpigmented ciliary epithelium, thereby reducing intraocular pressureAvailable Quantities
60ct 0.2 ml vials, 180 ct 0.2 ml vialsDosage/Instructions
1 drop in the affected eye(s) twice daily, 12 hours apartSafety Info for Cosopt PF®
Pregnancy & Nursing
Use cautiously during pregnancy; no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant womenPediatric Use
≥2 yearsContraindications, side effects, etc.
Contraindicated in patients with bronchial asthma, severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, sinus bradycardia, second or third degree atrioventricular block, overt cardiac failure, cardiogenic shock, and hypersensitivity to any component. Warnings include potentiation of respiratory reactions including asthma, cardiac failure, sulfonamide hypersensitivity, obstructive pulmonary disease, increased reactivity to allergens, potentiation of muscle weakness, masking of hypoglycemic symptoms in diabetic patients, masking of thyrotoxicosis, renal and hepatic impairment, impairment of beta-adrenergically mediated reflexes during surgery, and potential for corneal endothelium damage. Adverse reactions include taste perversion, ocular burning/stinging, conjunctival hyperemia, blurred vision, superficial punctate keratitis, eye itching, and less commonly, gastrointestinal disturbances, drowsiness, confusion, and systemic effects due to beta-blockade.Dorzolamide HCL 2% / Timolol Maleate 0.5%ophthalmic solution - Antiglaucoma
Prescribing Cosopt®
Indication
Reduction of elevated IOP in patients with open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertensionMechanism of Action
Cosopt® combines dorzolamide, a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, and timolol, a beta-blocker. Dorzolamide inhibits carbonic anhydrase in the ciliary processes, decreasing aqueous humor production. Timolol reduces aqueous formation by blocking beta2 receptors. This combination results in reduced intraocular pressure.Available Quantities
5 ml in 10 ml bottle, 10 ml in 10 ml bottleDosage/Instructions
1 drop twice daily, 12 hours apartSafety Info for Cosopt®
Pregnancy & Nursing
Use cautiously during pregnancy. No adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women.Pediatric Use
≥2 yearsContraindications, side effects, etc.
Contraindicated in patients with bronchial asthma, severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, sinus bradycardia, second or third degree atrioventricular block, overt cardiac failure, cardiogenic shock, and hypersensitivity to any component. Warnings include potentiation of respiratory reactions including asthma, cardiac failure, sulfonamide hypersensitivity, obstructive pulmonary disease, increased reactivity to allergens, potentiation of muscle weakness, masking of hypoglycemic symptoms in diabetic patients, masking of thyrotoxicosis, renal and hepatic impairment, impairment of beta-adrenergically mediated reflexes during surgery, and potential for corneal endothelium damage. Adverse reactions include taste perversion, ocular burning/stinging, conjunctival hyperemia, blurred vision, superficial punctate keratitis, eye itching, and less commonly, gastrointestinal disturbances, drowsiness, confusion, and systemic effects due to beta-blockade.Dorzolamide HCL 2% / Timolol Maleate 0.5%ophthalmic solution - Antiglaucoma
Prescribing Diamox®
Indication
Adjunctive treatment in chronic open-angle glaucoma, secondary glaucoma, and preoperatively in acute angle-closure glaucoma.Mechanism of Action
Inhibits carbonic anhydrase in the ciliary processes, slowing bicarbonate formation, reducing sodium and fluid transport, and thus decreasing aqueous humor production, reducing intraocular pressure.Available Quantities
125 mg, 250 mg tablets; 500 mg Sequels capsulesDosage/Instructions
500 mg single dose for emergency IOP reduction, followed by 125 or 250 mg orally every 4 hours if necessary.Safety Info for Diamox®
Pregnancy & Nursing
Use cautiously during pregnancy. Acetazolamide can pass into breast milk and may harm a nursing baby.Pediatric Use
No studiesContraindications, side effects, etc.
Contraindicated in cases of depressed sodium/potassium blood serum levels, marked kidney and liver disease or dysfunction, suprarenal gland failure, hyperchloremic acidosis, and cirrhosis. Long-term use is contraindicated in chronic non-congestive angle-closure glaucoma. Warnings include severe reactions to sulfonamides, potential for acidosis in pulmonary obstruction, and caution with high-dose aspirin. Adverse reactions include paresthesias, hearing dysfunction, loss of appetite, gastrointestinal disturbances, polyuria, drowsiness, confusion, metabolic acidosis, electrolyte imbalance, transient myopia, and rare instances of severe skin reactions, blood dyscrasias, and hepatic effects.AcetazolamideOral Tablets & Capsules - Antiglaucoma
Prescribing Iopidine®
Indication
Short-term adjunctive therapy in patients requiring additional IOP reduction on maximally tolerated medical therapy. Commonly used pre- and post-ocular surgery to control or prevent elevations in IOP.Mechanism of Action
Apraclonidine is an alpha adrenergic agonist that primarily acts by reducing aqueous humor production and slightly increasing uveoscleral outflow. This action helps lower intraocular pressure.Available Quantities
5 ml, 10 ml, 0.1 ml singles (2 per pouch)Dosage/Instructions
1 drop of IOPIDINE* 1% Ophthalmic Solution should be instilled in the scheduled operative eye 1 hour before initiating anterior segment laser surgery and a second drop should be instilled to the same eye immediately upon completion of the laser surgical procedure. If using for adjunctive glaucoma therapy, 1 drop can be instilled 2 to 3 times daily.Safety Info for Iopidine®
Pregnancy & Nursing
Use with caution during pregnancy and nursing. No adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women.Pediatric Use
Not recommendedContraindications, side effects, etc.
Contraindications: Iopidine is contraindicated in patients with hypersensitivity to apraclonidine or any other component of the formulation. It should also not be used in patients taking monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) due to the potential for a hypertensive crisis. Warnings: Caution is advised in patients with cardiovascular disease, cerebrovascular insufficiency, chronic renal failure, Raynaud’s disease, orthostatic hypotension, or thromboangiitis obliterans. The drug should be used with caution in patients with severe or unstable and uncontrolled cardiovascular disease. Possible Side Effects: Adverse events reported in less than 2% of patients include ocular injection, upper lid elevation, irregular heart rate, nasal decongestion, ocular inflammation, conjunctival blanching, and mydriasis. Other observed adverse events include conjunctival blanching, upper lid elevation, mydriasis, burning, discomfort, foreign body sensation, dryness, itching, hypotony, blurred or dimmed vision, allergic response, conjunctival microhemorrhage, abdominal pain, diarrhea, stomach discomfort, emesis, bradycardia, vasovagal attack, palpitations, orthostatic episode, insomnia, dream disturbances, irritability, decreased libido, taste abnormalities, dry mouth, nasal burning or dryness, headache, chest heaviness or burning, clammy or sweaty palms, body heat sensation, shortness of breath, increased pharyngeal secretion, extremity pain or numbness, fatigue, paresthesia, pruritus not associated with rash, and hypersensitivityApraclonidine 0.5%, (1% singles)ophthalmic solution - Antiglaucoma
Prescribing Iyuzeh®
Indication
Reduction of IOP in open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension. Optimal for evening use but morning dosing is acceptable.Mechanism of Action
Latanoprost, a prostaglandin analog, works by increasing uveoscleral aqueous outflow, potentially by loosening intercellular spaces in the ciliary muscle. This leads to a significant reduction in intraocular pressure.Available Quantities
30 single dose containers (0.2 mL each)Dosage/Instructions
1 drop in the affected eye(s) once daily in the eveningSafety Info for Iyuzeh®
Pregnancy & Nursing
Use with caution during pregnancy and nursing. No adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women.Pediatric Use
No studiesContraindications, side effects, etc.
Contraindications include hypersensitivity to the drug or its ingredients. Common side effects include blurred vision, burning/stinging/itching/redness of the eye, changes in eyelash number/color/length/thickness, eyelid changes/skin darkening, dry eye, lid crusting/discomfort, or increased sensitivity to light. Serious side effects include eye pain, suspected eye infection, and rapid vision changes such as loss of vision.Latanoprost 0.005%ophthalmic solution - Antiglaucoma
Prescribing Lumigan®
Indication
Reduction of elevated IOP in open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertensionMechanism of Action
Bimatoprost, a prostaglandin analog, increases uveoscleral aqueous outflow by loosening intercellular spaces on the ciliary body face, leading to a significant reduction in intraocular pressure.Available Quantities
2.5 ml, 5 ml, 7.5 mlDosage/Instructions
1 drop in the affected eye(s) once daily in the eveningSafety Info for Lumigan®
Pregnancy & Nursing
Use with caution during pregnancy and nursing. No adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women.Pediatric Use
≥16 yearsContraindications, side effects, etc.
Contraindications include hypersensitivity to bimatoprost or any of the ingredients. Common side effects include vision changes, pain, redness, itching, or swelling in or around the eye, swelling or redness of the eyelids, oozing or discharge from the eye, increased sensitivity to light, and vision changes. Serious side effects include asthma-like symptoms, dizziness, dry eye, dyspnea, eye discharge, eye edema, foreign body sensation, and headache.Bimatoprost 0.01%, 0.03%ophthalmic solution - Antiglaucoma
Prescribing Neptazane®
Indication
Treatment of chronic open-angle glaucoma, secondary glaucoma, and preoperatively in acute angle-closure glaucomaMechanism of Action
Methazolamide inhibits carbonic anhydrase II in the ciliary processes, slowing the formation of bicarbonate, which leads to reduced sodium and fluid transport. This action decreases aqueous humor production and intraocular pressureAvailable Quantities
25 mg, 50 mg tabletsDosage/Instructions
50 mg orally as a single dose for emergency IOP reduction; consult package insert for other dosing regimensSafety Info for Neptazane®
Pregnancy & Nursing
Use cautiously during pregnancy; teratogenic effects observed in animal studies. No specific data for nursing.Pediatric Use
No studiesContraindications, side effects, etc.
Contraindications include cirrhosis, severe liver or kidney disease, an electrolyte imbalance, and adrenal gland failure. Common side effects include nausea, loss of appetite, change in taste, vomiting, diarrhea, frequent urination, dizziness, drowsiness, or tiredness. Serious side effects include signs of kidney stones, blood in urine or stools, a seizure, loss of movement in any part of your body, a blood cell disorder, liver problems, signs of metabolic acidosis, signs of a kidney stone, or severe skin reaction.MethazolamideOral Tablets - Antiglaucoma
Prescribing Ocupress®
Indication
Lowering IOP in chronic open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension. May be used with pilocarpine, epinephrine, dipivefrin, or systemically administered carbonic anhydrase inhibitors.Mechanism of Action
Carteolol reduces aqueous humor production by blocking beta-adrenergic receptors in the ciliary body. Its intrinsic sympathomimetic activity may reduce the risk of systemic side effects typically associated with beta-blockers.Available Quantities
5 ml, 10 ml, 15 mlDosage/Instructions
1 drop in the affected eye(s) twice dailySafety Info for Ocupress®
Pregnancy & Nursing
Use with caution during pregnancy and nursing. No adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women.Pediatric Use
No studiesContraindications, side effects, etc.
Contraindications: Asthma, severe COPD, serious heart problems such as very slow heartbeats, heart failure, or “AV block”. Warnings: May cause serious side effects like severe itching, burning, or irritation in or around your eye; bronchospasm; a light-headed feeling; fast, slow, or uneven heart rate. Common side effects: Eye redness, irritation, or burning; watery eyes; blurred or cloudy vision; droopy or puffy eyelids; headache, dizziness, weakness; stuffy nose, sinus pain.Carteolol HCL 1%ophthalmic solution - Antiglaucoma
Prescribing Pilocarpine
Indication
Lowers IOP in acute angle closure glaucoma. Ineffective at pressures above 40 – 50 mm Hg due to sphincter ischemia. Used postoperatively in laser surgery and for exfoliative glaucoma.Mechanism of Action
Pilocarpine is a muscarinic agent that increases aqueous outflow through the trabecular meshwork by contracting the pupillary and iris sphincter muscles, inducing miosis. It stimulates various exocrine glands and has full and partial agonism at the muscarinic M3 receptor, expressed in smooth muscle cells in the pupillary sphincter and ciliary bodies, leading to increased smooth muscle tone
Available Quantities
15 mlDosage/Instructions
For acute angle closure: 1 drop of 2% solution every 15-60 minutes up to 4 doses, when IOP is below 40-50 mm HgFor children <2 years old, use 1% only.Safety Info for Pilocarpine
Pregnancy & Nursing
Use cautiously during pregnancy; no adequate studies conducted with pilocarpine.
Pediatric Use
≥2 yearsContraindications, side effects, etc.
Contraindications: COPD, peptic ulcer disease, arrhythmias, coronary vascular disease, angle-closure glaucoma, hyperthyroidism. Warnings: May cause difficulty in reading or other vision problems, especially at night. It may also cause some people to become dizzy. Common side effects: Sweating, nausea, runny nose, chills, flushing, frequent urge to urinate, dizziness, weakness, diarrhea, and blurred vision.
Pilocarpine HCL 1%, 2%, 4%ophthalmic solution - Antiglaucoma
Prescribing Rhopressa®
Indication
Indicated for lowering IOP with open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertensionMechanism of Action
Rhopressa® is an effective inhibitor of Rho kinase and a noradrenaline transporter that may relax the trabecular meshwork, increase the outflow of aqueous humor, reduce scleral venous pressure, and directly decrease IOP.Available Quantities
2.5mlDosage/Instructions
1 drop in the eveningSafety Info for Rhopressa®
Pregnancy & Nursing
Rat embryofetal lethality was shown at 126X normal human dose but not at 40X.Pediatric Use
No studiesContraindications, side effects, etc.
Warnings: May cause eye discomfort, redness, tearing, temporary blurred vision, eyelid redness, or corneal staining. Common side effects: Conjunctival hyperemia, corneal verticillata, instillation site pain, and conjunctival hemorrhage.netarsudil dimesylate 0.02%ophthalmic solution - Antiglaucoma
Prescribing Rocklatan®
Indication
Indicated for lowering IOP with open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertensionMechanism of Action
Netarsudil inhibits Rho kinase, which is believed to reduce the production of aqueous humor. Latanoprost, a prostaglandin F2α analogue, increases the outflow of aqueous humor.Available Quantities
2.5mlDosage/Instructions
1 drop in the affected eye(s) once daily in the eveningSafety Info for Rocklatan®
Pregnancy & Nursing
Embryofetal lethality in rabbits was demonstrated at 80x the normal human dose but not at 15x.Pediatric Use
No studiesContraindications, side effects, etc.
Warnings: May cause eye discomfort/redness/itching, increased tears, temporary blurred vision, changes in eyelash number/color/length/thickness, eyelid changes/skin darkening, or corneal staining. Common side effects: Unusual redness or swelling of the eyes/eyelids.netarsudil 0.02%, latanoprost 0.005%ophthalmic solution - Antiglaucoma
Prescribing Simbrinza®
Indication
Reduction of elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) in patients with open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertensionMechanism of Action
Brinzolamide inhibits carbonic anhydrase II in the ciliary processes, which is believed to slow the formation of bicarbonate ions. This reduction leads to decreased sodium and fluid transport, subsequently lowering aqueous humor secretion and reducing intraocular pressure. Brimonidine is a clonidine derivative and a relatively selective α2 adrenergic receptor agonist. It reduces intraocular pressure by decreasing aqueous humor production and increasing uveoscleral outflow. The inhibition of adenylate cyclase leads to reduced cAMP, which modulates aqueous humor dynamics.Available Quantities
8 mLDosage/Instructions
1 drop in the affected eye(s) 3 times dailySafety Info for Simbrinza®
Pregnancy & Nursing
Rabbit studies showed maternal toxicity and fetal abnormalities at 120X the normal human dose. There are no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women. Use cautiously during pregnancy.Pediatric Use
≥2 yearsContraindications, side effects, etc.
Contraindications: Hypersensitivity to any component of this product. Warnings: May cause fatigue and/or drowsiness in some patients. Use with caution in patients with depression, cerebral or coronary insufficiency, Raynaud’s phenomenon, orthostatic hypotension, or thromboangiitis obliterans. Common Side Effects: Eye discomfort/itching/redness/discharge, temporary blurred vision, dry eyes, feeling as if something is in your eye, dry mouth, bitter/sour/unusual taste in mouth.Brinzolamide 1%/brimonidine tartrate 0.2%ophthalmic suspension - Antiglaucoma
Prescribing Timoptic XE®
Indication
Elevated intraocular pressure in ocular hypertension or open-angle glaucomaMechanism of Action
Reduces aqueous formation by blocking beta2 receptors on nonpigmented ciliary epithelium. Reduces elevated and normal intraocular pressure.Available Quantities
2.5 ml, 5 mlDosage/Instructions
1 drop 0.25% or 0.5% every morningSafety Info for Timoptic XE®
Pregnancy & Nursing
Increased fetal resorptions in rabbits at high doses. Use only if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus.Pediatric Use
No studiesContraindications, side effects, etc.
Contraindicated in asthma, severe COPD, sinus bradycardia, heart block greater than first degree, cardiac failure, cardiogenic shock. Warnings include systemic absorption, cardiac failure, vascular insufficiency, obstructive pulmonary disease, diabetes mellitus, thyrotoxicosis, choroidal detachment. Adverse reactions: ocular burning, stinging, blepharoconjunctivitis, heart rate and blood pressure decrease, iridocyclitis, headache, ataxia, dizziness, lethargy, urticaria, pruritus.Timolol Maleate 0.25% or 0.5%ophthalmic gel forming solution - Antiglaucoma
Prescribing Timoptic®
Indication
Lowering of intraocular pressure in patients with open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertensionMechanism of Action
Timolol is a non-selective beta-adrenergic receptor blocker that reduces intraocular pressure by decreasing the production of aqueous humor in the ciliary bodyAvailable Quantities
5 ml, 10 ml, 15 ml, 60 ct 0.2 ml vialsDosage/Instructions
1 drop in the affected eye(s) twice daily Also commonly dosed 1 drop every morning (0.5%).Safety Info for Timoptic®
Pregnancy & Nursing
Use cautiously during pregnancy. No adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women.Pediatric Use
No studiesContraindications, side effects, etc.
Contraindicated in asthma, severe COPD, sinus bradycardia, heart block greater than first degree, cardiac failure, cardiogenic shock. Warnings include systemic absorption, cardiac failure, vascular insufficiency, obstructive pulmonary disease, diabetes mellitus, thyrotoxicosis, choroidal detachment. Adverse reactions: ocular burning, stinging, blepharoconjunctivitis, heart rate and blood pressure decrease, iridocyclitis, headache, ataxia, dizziness, lethargy, urticaria, pruritus.Timolol Maleate 0.25% or 0.5%ophthalmic solution - Antiglaucoma
Prescribing Travatan Z®
Indication
Lowering IOP in open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension, for those intolerant or insufficiently responsive to other IOP lowering medicationsMechanism of Action
Travoprost free acid, a selective FP prostanoid receptor agonist, is believed to reduce IOP by increasing uveoscleral outflow.Available Quantities
2.5 ml, 5 mlDosage/Instructions
1 drop in the affected eye(s) once daily in the eveningSafety Info for Travatan Z®
Pregnancy & Nursing
Embryo-fetal lethality shown in rats with low dose subcutaneous injections. Use only if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus.Pediatric Use
≥16 yearsContraindications, side effects, etc.
Contraindications: Hypersensitivity to dorzolamide. Warnings: Use with caution in patients with renal impairment or a history of kidney stones. Common Side Effects: Temporary blurred vision, temporary burning/stinging/itching/redness of the eye, watery eyes, dry eyes, sensitivity of eyes to light, bitter taste, or headacheTravoprost 0.004%ophthalmic solution - Antiglaucoma
Prescribing Travatan®
Indication
Lowering IOP in open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension, for those intolerant or insufficiently responsive to other IOP lowering medicationsMechanism of Action
Believed to increase uveoscleral aqueous outflow.Available Quantities
2.5 ml, 5 mlDosage/Instructions
1 drop in the affected eye(s) every eveningSafety Info for Travatan®
Pregnancy & Nursing
Embryo-fetal lethality shown in rats with low dose subcutaneous injections. Use only if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus.Pediatric Use
≥16 yearsContraindications, side effects, etc.
Contraindications: Hypersensitivity to travoprost or any inactive ingredients. Warnings: May cause a gradual change in the color of your eyes or eyelids and lashes, usually an increase in brown pigment. Changes may be permanent even after your treatment ends. Common Side Effects: Eye swelling, redness, severe discomfort, crusting or drainage (may be signs of infection); red, swollen, or itchy eyelids; increased sensitivity to light; vision changes; severe burning, stinging, or irritation after using this medicine.Travoprost 0.004%ophthalmic solution - Antiglaucoma
Prescribing Trusopt®
Indication
Elevated intraocular pressure in patients with ocular hypertension or open-angle glaucomaMechanism of Action
Inhibits carbonic anhydrase in the ciliary processes of the eye, decreasing aqueous humor secretion, reducing intraocular pressureAvailable Quantities
10 mLDosage/Instructions
1 drop in the affected eye(s) 3 times dailySafety Info for Trusopt®
Pregnancy & Nursing
No adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women. Use only if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus.Pediatric Use
≥3 monthsContraindications, side effects, etc.
Warnings: May cause eye discomfort/redness/itching, increased tears, temporary blurred vision, changes in eyelash number/color/length/thickness, eyelid changes/skin darkening, or corneal staining. Common side effects: Unusual redness or swelling of the eyes/eyelids.Dorzolamide 2%ophthalmic solution - Antiglaucoma
Prescribing Vyzulta®
Indication
Reduction of IOP in open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertensionMechanism of Action
Increases trabecular meshwork and uveoscleral aqueous outflow. Nitric oxide increases trabecular outflow.Available Quantities
5 mlDosage/Instructions
1 drop daily in the eveningSafety Info for Vyzulta®
Pregnancy & Nursing
No available human data for use during pregnancy. Causes miscarriage, abortion, and fetal harm in rabbits.Pediatric Use
≥16 yearsContraindications, side effects, etc.
Contraindications: Allergy to Vyzulta. Warnings: May cause a gradual change in the color of your eyes or eyelids and lashes, usually an increase in brown pigment. You may also notice increased growth or thickness of your eyelashes. These changes occur slowly and you may not notice them for months or years. Color changes may be permanent even after your treatment ends. Common Side Effects: Conjunctival hyperemia, eye irritation, eye pain, instillation site pain, blurred vision, feeling like something is in your eye, and puffy eyelids.Latanoprostene Bunod 0.024%ophthalmic solution - Antiglaucoma
Prescribing Xalatan®
Indication
Reduction of IOP in open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertensionMechanism of Action
Increases uveoscleral aqueous outflow, possibly by loosening intercellular spaces.Available Quantities
2.5 mlDosage/Instructions
1 drop in the affected eye(s) once daily in the eveningSafety Info for Xalatan®
Pregnancy & Nursing
Embryofetal lethality shown in rats and rabbits at clinically relevant doses.Pediatric Use
No studiesContraindications, side effects, etc.
Contraindications: Allergy to Xalatan. Warnings: May cause a gradual change in the color of your eyes or eyelids and lashes, usually an increase in brown pigment. You may also notice increased growth or thickness of your eyelashes. These changes occur slowly and you may not notice them for months or years. Color changes may be permanent even after your treatment ends. Common Side Effects: Blurred vision, burning/stinging/itching/redness of the eye, feeling as if something is in the eye, changes in eyelash number/color/length/thickness, eyelid skin darkening, browning of the iris, watery eyes, dry eyes, eye pain, suspected eye infection (unusual redness or swelling of eyes), rapid vision changes (such as loss of vision).Latanoprost 0.005%ophthalmic solution - Antiglaucoma
Prescribing Xelpros®
Indication
Reduction of IOP in open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertensionMechanism of Action
Increases uveoscleral aqueous outflow, possibly by loosening intercellular spaces.Available Quantities
2.5 mlDosage/Instructions
1 drop in the affected eye(s) once daily in the eveningSafety Info for Xelpros®
Pregnancy & Nursing
Embryocidal in rabbits at 80x the human dose but not at 15x. Unknown effects on human fetus and breast milk.Pediatric Use
No studiesContraindications, side effects, etc.
Contraindications: Allergy to Xelpros. Warnings: Precipitation may occur if drugs containing thimerosal are used concomitantly with XELPROS. Common Side Effects: Eye pain/stinging, ocular hyperemia, conjunctival hyperemia, eye discharge, growth of eyelashes, and eyelash thickening.Latanoprost 0.005%ophthalmic emulsion - Antiglaucoma
Prescribing Zioptan®
Indication
Reduction of IOP in open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertensionMechanism of Action
Tafluprost acid, a prostaglandin analog, is a selective FP prostanoid receptor agonist. It is believed to reduce intraocular pressure by increasing uveoscleral outflow.Available Quantities
30, 90 pack, 0.3 ml single-use containersDosage/Instructions
1 drop in the affected eye(s) once daily in the eveningSafety Info for Zioptan®
Pregnancy & Nursing
Teratogenic in rabbits at 5x the equivalent human exposure. Not recommended during pregnancy unless the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus. Unknown if excreted in human milk.Pediatric Use
≥16 yearsContraindications, side effects, etc.
Contraindications: Allergy to Zioptan. Warnings: May cause a gradual change in the color of your eyes or eyelids and lashes, usually an increase in brown pigment. You may also notice increased growth or thickness of your eyelashes. These changes occur slowly and you may not notice them for months or years. Color changes may be permanent even after your treatment ends. Common Side Effects: Hives, difficulty breathing, swelling of your face, lips, tongue, or throat, blurred vision, burning, dry, or itching eyes, vision changes, discharge or tearing of the eyes, redness, pain, or swelling of the eye, eyelid, or inner lining of the eyelid, darkening of the color of the skin around your eye (eyelid), increasing the length, thickness, color, or number of your eyelashes, hair growth on your eyelids, redness, stinging or itching of your eye, cataract formation, dry eye, eye pain, blurred vision, headache, common cold, cough, urinary tract infection.Tafluprost (0.0015%)ophthalmic solution
