- Antiglaucoma
Prescribing Combigan®
Indication
Reduction of IOP in ocular hypertension or open-angle glaucoma
Mechanism of Action
Combigan® combines brimonidine, an α2 adrenergic receptor agonist, and timolol, a beta blocker. Brimonidine reduces aqueous humor production and increases uveoscleral outflow, while timolol decreases aqueous humor production by blocking beta2 receptors.
Available Quantities
5 ml in 10 ml bottle, 10 ml in 10 ml bottle
Dosage/Instructions
1 drop twice daily, 12 hours apartSafety Info for Combigan®
Pregnancy & Nursing
Use cautiously during pregnancy. No adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women.
Pediatric Use
>2 years
Contraindications, side effects, etc.
Contraindicated in patients on monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs), neonates, and infants. Warnings include potential for allergic reactions, ocular hyperemia, pruritus, systemic effects due to absorption (e.g., decrease in blood pressure and heart rate), and caution in pediatric patients and those with cardiovascular diseases. Adverse reactions include allergic conjunctivitis, conjunctival folliculosis, conjunctival hyperemia, eye pruritus, ocular burning, and stinging. Other reactions: asthenia, blepharitis, corneal erosion, depression, epiphora, eye discharge, eye dryness, eye irritation, eye pain, eyelid edema, eyelid erythema, eyelid pruritus, foreign body sensation, headache, hypertension, oral dryness, somnolence, superficial punctate keratitis, visual disturbance, and more.Brimonidine tartrate 0.2% / Timolol maleate 0.5%ophthalmic solution - Antibiotic/Steroid
Prescribing Cortisporin®
Indication
Treatment of steroid-responsive inflammatory ocular conditions for which a corticosteroid is indicated and where bacterial infection or a risk of bacterial ocular infection existsMechanism of Action
Neomycin inhibits bacterial protein synthesis, Polymyxin B disrupts bacterial cell membrane, Hydrocortisone suppresses the inflammatory response.Available Quantities
7.5mlDosage/Instructions
Instill 1 or 2 drops into the conjunctival sac 2 to 4 times dailySafety Info for Cortisporin®
Pregnancy & Nursing
Corticosteroids are generally teratogenic in laboratory animals when administered systemically at relatively low dosage levels. The more potent corticosteroids have been shown to be teratogenic after dermal application in laboratory animals. There are no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women on teratogenic effects from topically applied corticosteroids. Therefore, topical corticosteroids should be used during pregnancy only if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus.Pediatric Use
≥2 yearsContraindications, side effects, etc.
Contraindications: Not to be used in viral diseases of the cornea and conjunctiva including epithelial herpes simplex keratitis, vaccinia, varicella, mycobacterial infection of the eye, fungal diseases of ocular structures, or in individuals with hypersensitivity to any components. Warnings: Not for injection into the eye; prolonged use may result in ocular hypertension/glaucoma, damage to the optic nerve, visual defects, posterior subcapsular cataract formation, and may suppress host response increasing the hazard of secondary ocular infections. Side Effects: Common side effects include eye irritation. Serious side effects include allergic reactions, change in eyesight, very bad eye irritation, conjunctival erythema, itching, swelling, fungal infection of the cornea, viral infection of the cornea, increased intraocular pressure, glaucoma, cataract formation, optic nerve damage, and delayed wound healing.neomycin 0.35%, polymyxin B, hydrocortisone 1%ophthalmic suspension - Antiglaucoma
Prescribing Cosopt PF®
Indication
Reduction of elevated IOP in open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertensionMechanism of Action
Combines dorzolamide, a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, and timolol, a beta-blocker. Dorzolamide inhibits carbonic anhydrase in the ciliary processes, decreasing aqueous humor production, while timolol reduces aqueous formation by blocking beta2 receptors on nonpigmented ciliary epithelium, thereby reducing intraocular pressureAvailable Quantities
60ct 0.2 ml vials, 180 ct 0.2 ml vialsDosage/Instructions
1 drop in the affected eye(s) twice daily, 12 hours apartSafety Info for Cosopt PF®
Pregnancy & Nursing
Use cautiously during pregnancy; no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant womenPediatric Use
≥2 yearsContraindications, side effects, etc.
Contraindicated in patients with bronchial asthma, severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, sinus bradycardia, second or third degree atrioventricular block, overt cardiac failure, cardiogenic shock, and hypersensitivity to any component. Warnings include potentiation of respiratory reactions including asthma, cardiac failure, sulfonamide hypersensitivity, obstructive pulmonary disease, increased reactivity to allergens, potentiation of muscle weakness, masking of hypoglycemic symptoms in diabetic patients, masking of thyrotoxicosis, renal and hepatic impairment, impairment of beta-adrenergically mediated reflexes during surgery, and potential for corneal endothelium damage. Adverse reactions include taste perversion, ocular burning/stinging, conjunctival hyperemia, blurred vision, superficial punctate keratitis, eye itching, and less commonly, gastrointestinal disturbances, drowsiness, confusion, and systemic effects due to beta-blockade.Dorzolamide HCL 2% / Timolol Maleate 0.5%ophthalmic solution - Antiglaucoma
Prescribing Cosopt®
Indication
Reduction of elevated IOP in patients with open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertensionMechanism of Action
Cosopt® combines dorzolamide, a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, and timolol, a beta-blocker. Dorzolamide inhibits carbonic anhydrase in the ciliary processes, decreasing aqueous humor production. Timolol reduces aqueous formation by blocking beta2 receptors. This combination results in reduced intraocular pressure.Available Quantities
5 ml in 10 ml bottle, 10 ml in 10 ml bottleDosage/Instructions
1 drop twice daily, 12 hours apartSafety Info for Cosopt®
Pregnancy & Nursing
Use cautiously during pregnancy. No adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women.Pediatric Use
≥2 yearsContraindications, side effects, etc.
Contraindicated in patients with bronchial asthma, severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, sinus bradycardia, second or third degree atrioventricular block, overt cardiac failure, cardiogenic shock, and hypersensitivity to any component. Warnings include potentiation of respiratory reactions including asthma, cardiac failure, sulfonamide hypersensitivity, obstructive pulmonary disease, increased reactivity to allergens, potentiation of muscle weakness, masking of hypoglycemic symptoms in diabetic patients, masking of thyrotoxicosis, renal and hepatic impairment, impairment of beta-adrenergically mediated reflexes during surgery, and potential for corneal endothelium damage. Adverse reactions include taste perversion, ocular burning/stinging, conjunctival hyperemia, blurred vision, superficial punctate keratitis, eye itching, and less commonly, gastrointestinal disturbances, drowsiness, confusion, and systemic effects due to beta-blockade.Dorzolamide HCL 2% / Timolol Maleate 0.5%ophthalmic solution - Allergy
Prescribing Crolom®
Indication
vernal keratoconjunctivitis, vernal conjunctivitis, vernal keratitisMechanism of Action
Cromolyn Sodium is a mast cell stabilizer that inhibits mast cell degranulation, thereby preventing the release of histamine and slow-reacting substance of anaphylaxis (SRS-A), which are mediators of type I allergic reactions.Available Quantities
10, 15mlDosage/Instructions
Instill 1 or 2 drops into each eye four to six times daily.Safety Info for Crolom®
Pregnancy & Nursing
Adverse fetal effects (increased resorption and decreased fetal weight) were noted only at the very high parenteral doses that produced maternal toxicity. There are, however, no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women. It is not known whether this drug is excreted in human milkPediatric Use
≥4 yearsContraindications, side effects, etc.
Warnings: Use with caution in patients with known hypersensitivity to cromolyn sodium or any other component of the product. Side Effects: More common side effects include mild and temporary burning or stinging of the eye. Less common or rare side effects include dryness or puffiness around the eye, increased watering or itching of the eye, rash or redness around the eyes, swelling of the membrane covering the white part of the eye, redness of the white part of the eye, styes, or other eye irritation not present before therapy.cromolyn sodium 4.0%ophthalmic solution - Mydriatics/Cycloplegics
Prescribing Cyclogyl®
Indication
Cycloplegic refraction, pupil dilation in acute inflammatory conditions of the iris and uveal tractMechanism of Action
Atropine sulfate is a competitive muscarinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist. It blocks the action of acetylcholine, leading to pupil dilation (mydriasis) and paralysis of the ciliary muscle (cycloplegia). This action is utilized in cycloplegic refraction and reducing inflammation in uveitis/iritis.Available Quantities
2 ml, 5 ml, 15 mlDosage/Instructions
For cycloplegia: 1 drop 1% repeated once in five minutes about 30 minutes before refraction. For infants, 1 drop 0.05% with nasolacrimal pressure for 2-3 minutes. For uveitis/iritis: 1 or 2 drops twice dailySafety Info for Cyclogyl®
Pregnancy & Nursing
Use with caution during pregnancy; animal reproduction studies have not been conductedPediatric Use
All agesContraindications, side effects, etc.
Contraindications: Allergy to cyclopentolate or related drugs. Warnings: Caution in patients with narrow-angle glaucoma and those at risk for increased intraocular pressure. Common Side Effects: Blurred vision, light sensitivity, stinging or burning sensation.Cyclopentolate 0.5%, 1%, 2%ophthalmic solution - Misc.
Prescribing Cystadrops®
Indication
Treatment of corneal cystine crystal deposits in adults and children with cystinosisMechanism of Action
Acts as a cystine-depleting agent by converting cystine to cysteine and cysteine-cysteamine mixed disulfides, reducing corneal cystine crystal accumulation.Available Quantities
5 ml bottleDosage/Instructions
Instill 1 drop in each eye, 4 times a day during waking hours. Discard bottle 7 days after first opening.Safety Info for Cystadrops®
Pregnancy & Nursing
No adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women. Oral administration in animals was teratogenic at doses 240 to 960 times the recommended human ophthalmic dose.Pediatric Use
All agesContraindications, side effects, etc.
Common Side Effects: Include eye pain, redness, itching or irritation, vision problems, headache, and increased sensitivity to light. More serious side effects could include blurred vision, changes in vision, swelling around the eye, and increased pressure inside the skull, such as severe headaches, ringing in the ears, dizziness, nausea, and pain behind the eyes.Cysteamine Ophthalmic Solution 0.37%ophthalmic solution - Misc.
Prescribing Cystaran®
Indication
Treatment of corneal cystine crystal accumulation in patients with cystinosisMechanism of Action
Acts as a cystine-depleting agent by converting cystine to cysteine and cysteine-cysteamine mixed disulfides, reducing corneal cystine crystal accumulation.Available Quantities
15 ml bottleDosage/Instructions
Instill 1 drop in each eye every waking hour. Do not touch dropper tip to any surface to avoid contamination. Discard after 1 week of use.Safety Info for Cystaran®
Pregnancy & Nursing
No adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women. Oral administration in animals was teratogenic at doses 86 to 345 times the recommended human ophthalmic dose.Pediatric Use
All agesContraindications, side effects, etc.
Common Side Effects: Include eye pain, redness, itching or irritation, vision problems, headache, and increased sensitivity to light. More serious side effects could include blurred vision, changes in vision, swelling around the eye, and increased pressure inside the skull, such as severe headaches, ringing in the ears, dizziness, nausea, and pain behind the eyes.Cysteamine Hydrochloride 0.44%ophthalmic solution - Antiglaucoma
Prescribing Diamox®
Indication
Adjunctive treatment in chronic open-angle glaucoma, secondary glaucoma, and preoperatively in acute angle-closure glaucoma.Mechanism of Action
Inhibits carbonic anhydrase in the ciliary processes, slowing bicarbonate formation, reducing sodium and fluid transport, and thus decreasing aqueous humor production, reducing intraocular pressure.Available Quantities
125 mg, 250 mg tablets; 500 mg Sequels capsulesDosage/Instructions
500 mg single dose for emergency IOP reduction, followed by 125 or 250 mg orally every 4 hours if necessary.Safety Info for Diamox®
Pregnancy & Nursing
Use cautiously during pregnancy. Acetazolamide can pass into breast milk and may harm a nursing baby.Pediatric Use
No studiesContraindications, side effects, etc.
Contraindicated in cases of depressed sodium/potassium blood serum levels, marked kidney and liver disease or dysfunction, suprarenal gland failure, hyperchloremic acidosis, and cirrhosis. Long-term use is contraindicated in chronic non-congestive angle-closure glaucoma. Warnings include severe reactions to sulfonamides, potential for acidosis in pulmonary obstruction, and caution with high-dose aspirin. Adverse reactions include paresthesias, hearing dysfunction, loss of appetite, gastrointestinal disturbances, polyuria, drowsiness, confusion, metabolic acidosis, electrolyte imbalance, transient myopia, and rare instances of severe skin reactions, blood dyscrasias, and hepatic effects.AcetazolamideOral Tablets & Capsules - Antibiotic
Prescribing Diclocil®
Indication
Treatment of infections caused by penicillinase-producing staphylococci, such as preseptal cellulitisMechanism of Action
Inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis by binding to penicillin-binding proteins, leading to cell lysis and deathAvailable Quantities
250 mg, 500 mg capsulesDosage/Instructions
Adults: 250 to 500 mg every 6 hours. Children under 40 kg: 12.5 to 25 mg/kg/day in divided doses every 6 hoursSafety Info for Diclocil®
Pregnancy & Nursing
No evidence of risk in humans but studies inadequate. Generally considered safe in pregnancy. Caution should be exercised when administered to a nursing womanPediatric Use
≥1 yearContraindications, side effects, etc.
Contraindications: Hypersensitivity to dicloxacillin, penicillins, or any component of the formulation. Warnings/Precautions: Use with caution in patients with a history of severe allergic reactions to other beta-lactams. Monitor renal function in patients with renal impairment. Common Side Effects: Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, allergic reactions (rash, hives), and rarely, interstitial nephritis, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, and Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea.Dicloxacillinoral capsule - Antifungal
Prescribing Diflucan®
Indication
Treatment of fungal infections including fungal keratitisMechanism of Action
Inhibits fungal cytochrome P450 enzyme, decreasing ergosterol synthesis and inhibiting cell membrane formation in susceptible fungi.Available Quantities
50 mg, 100 mg, 150 mg, 200 mg tabletsDosage/Instructions
200 mg tablet 1x/day with a loading dose of 400 mg for fungal keratitis is common. Often used in conjucntion with topical meds.Safety Info for Diflucan®
Pregnancy & Nursing
Use in pregnancy only if clearly needed. Fluconazole can pass into breast milk.Pediatric Use
≥6 monthsContraindications, side effects, etc.
Contraindications: Liver or kidney disease, low potassium levels, heart problems, allergies to antifungal medicines. Common Side Effects: Nausea, stomach pain, diarrhea, headache, dizziness. Serious side effects include allergic reactions, severe skin reactions, and cardiac complications. Interactions with drugs like fentanyl, HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (e.g., atorvastatin, simvastatin) and hydrochlorothiazide, among others, are noted​​​​.Fluconazoleoral tablet - Analgesics & Anesthetics
Prescribing Dilaudid®
Indication
Management of pain severe enough to require an opioid analgesic and for which alternative treatments are inadequate. Can be used for severe post-operative pain following ocular surgeryMechanism of Action
Hydromorphone is an opioid agonist and works by changing the way the brain and nervous system respond to painAvailable Quantities
Tablets: 2 mg, 4 mg, 8 mg; Oral Solution: 5 mg/5 mLDosage/Instructions
Dosage individualized; use lowest effective dosage for shortest duration consistent with individual patient treatment goalsSafety Info for Dilaudid®
Pregnancy & Nursing
Use during pregnancy can result in neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome, which may be life-threatening if not recognized and treated. Caution should be exercised when administered to a nursing womanPediatric Use
≥2 yearsContraindications, side effects, etc.
Contraindications: Avoid in patients with gastrointestinal blockage, paralytic ileus, or recent use of MAO inhibitors (within 14 days). Warnings/Precautions: Monitor for respiratory depression, particularly in elderly or debilitated patients. Be cautious in patients with a history of head injury, seizures, drug or alcohol addiction, or mental illness. Risk of serotonin syndrome when combined with certain medications. Not recommended for pregnant or breastfeeding women due to the risk of dependency in the newborn and potential harm to the nursing baby. Common Side Effects: May include constipation, nausea, vomiting, dizziness, drowsiness, headache, mood changes, itching, dry mouth, and flushing.Hydromorphone Hydrochlorideoral solution, oral tablet - Steroid
Prescribing Durezol®
Indication
Postoperative inflammation, anterior uveitisMechanism of Action
Inhibits phospholipase A2, reducing prostaglandin synthesisAvailable Quantities
5mlDosage/Instructions
Post-surgical: 1 drop 4 times/day for 2 weeks, then 2 times/day for 1 week; Anterior uveitis: 1 drop 4 times/day for 2 weeksSafety Info for Durezol®
Pregnancy & Nursing
Embryotoxic and teratogenic in rabbits at clinical doses; no human dataPediatric Use
≥18 yearsContraindications, side effects, etc.
Contraindications: Hypersensitivity to difluprednate or related corticosteroids. Contraindicated in patients with fungal or viral eye infections. Warnings: Difluprednate is a corticosteroid and may increase the risk of elevated intraocular pressure, cataract formation, and secondary eye infections. It should be used cautiously and under supervision. Common Side Effects: Common side effects include increased eye pressure, eye discomfort, and transient blurred vision.Difluprednate 0.05%ophthalmic emulsion - Allergy
Prescribing Elestat®
Indication
allergic conjunctivitisMechanism of Action
Epinastine is a second generation antihistamine that also possesses mast cell stabilizing activity. It is a highly selective histamine H1 antagonist and inhibits the release of histamine from mast cells.Available Quantities
5mlDosage/Instructions
Instill 1 drop into each eye twice daily.Safety Info for Elestat®
Pregnancy & Nursing
Epinastine reduced rat pup body weight gain following an oral dose to pregnant rats that was approximately 90,000 times the MROHD. There are, however, no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women. It is not known whether this drug is excreted in human milk.Pediatric Use
≥3 yearsContraindications, side effects, etc.
Contraindications: Should not be used if allergic to epinastine, with bacterial, viral, or fungal infection in the eye without an anti-infective medicine, or in children younger than 2 years without medical advice. Warnings: Avoid use while wearing contact lenses; wait at least 15 minutes after using Elestat before putting in contact lenses. Do not let the dropper tip touch any surface to avoid contamination. Side Effects: Common side effects include burning sensation in the eye, increased blood flow to the whites of the eyes, redness, itching, pain, swelling, or other irritation of the eye. Other side effects may include body aches, chills, cough, difficulty with breathing, ear congestion, fever, headache, loss of voice, nasal congestion, runny nose, sneezing, sore throat, and unusual tiredness or weakness​​​​.epinastine HCL 0.05%ophthalmic solution - Antibiotic
Prescribing Erythromycin Ointment
Indication
bacterial conjunctivitis, prophylaxis of neonatal gonococcal or chlamydial conjunctivitisMechanism of Action
Binds to 50S ribosomal subunit, inhibiting bacterial protein synthesis, effective against a range of Gram-positive bacteria and some Gram-negative bacteria.Available Quantities
3.5 gDosage/Instructions
Apply ~1 cm ribbon in the lower conjunctival sac up to 6 times dailySafety Info for Erythromycin Ointment
Pregnancy & Nursing
Generally considered safe in pregnancy and nursing; consult a doctorPediatric Use
All agesContraindications, side effects, etc.
Contraindicated in patients with a known hypersensitivity to erythromycin or any other macrolide antibiotics. Common side effects include allergic reactions—skin rash, itching, hives, swelling of the face, lips, tongue, or throat, new or worsening eye pain, redness, irritation, or discharge.erythromycin 0.5%ophthalmic ointment - Steroid
Prescribing Eysuvis®
Indication
Short-term treatment of dry eye diseaseMechanism of Action
Inhibits leukocyte migration, capillary dilation, fibroblast proliferationAvailable Quantities
8.3 mlDosage/Instructions
1 or 2 drops 4 times/day, up to 2 weeksSafety Info for Eysuvis®
Pregnancy & Nursing
Teratogenic in rabbits at clinical doses; no human dataPediatric Use
≥18 yearsContraindications, side effects, etc.
Contraindications: Hypersensitivity to loteprednol etabonate or related corticosteroids. Contraindicated in patients with fungal or viral eye infections. Warnings: Loteprednol etabonate is a corticosteroid and may increase the risk of elevated intraocular pressure, cataracts, and secondary eye infections. It should be used cautiously and under supervision. Common Side Effects: Common side effects include eye irritation, burning, and stinging.Loteprednol Etabonate 0.25%ophthalmic suspension - Dry Eye/OSD
Prescribing Eysuvis®
Indication
short-term (up to two weeks) treatment of the signs and symptoms of dry eye disease.Mechanism of Action
Exerts anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting phospholipase A2, leading to decreased formation of arachidonic acid derivatives like prostaglandins and leukotrienes. This action reduces inflammation and helps alleviate the symptoms of dry eye disease.Available Quantities
8.3 mlDosage/Instructions
Shake for 2 to 3 seconds. Use 1 or 2 drops four times daily, up to 2 weeks if neededSafety Info for Eysuvis®
Pregnancy & Nursing
Fetal malformations noted in rabbits with oral administration of 1.4 times the human ophthalmic dose. Use cautiously during pregnancyPediatric Use
No studiesContraindications, side effects, etc.
Contraindications: Hypersensitivity to loteprednol etabonate or any components of the product. Warnings/Precautions: Use with caution in patients with glaucoma, cataracts, corneal or scleral thinning, bacterial/viral/fungal ocular infections. Prolonged use may increase intraocular pressure and risk of cataract formation. Common Side Effects: Minor burning or stinging upon instillation, blurred vision, dry eyes, and headache.Loteprednol etabonate 0.25%ophthalmic suspension - Antiviral
Prescribing Famvir®
Indication
Herpes zoster ophthalmicus, herpes simplex ophthalmicusMechanism of Action
Inhibits viral DNA polymerase, preventing viral replication.Available Quantities
125 mg, 250 mg, 500 mg tabletsDosage/Instructions
HSV: Take 1 500 mg tablet 3 times daily for 7 days HZV: Take 1 250 mg tablet 3 times daily for 7 daysSafety Info for Famvir®
Pregnancy & Nursing
Limited data; use with cautionPediatric Use
No studiesContraindications, side effects, etc.
Contraindications: Hypersensitivity to famciclovir or penciclovir cream. Common Side Effects: Headache, nausea; gastrointestinal effects (diarrhea, abdominal pain, vomiting); less common effects include confusion, mood changes, rash, pruritus. Acute renal failure reported in patients with underlying renal disease receiving high doses. Dosage adjustments are necessary in patients with renal impairment​​​​​​.famcicloviroral tablet - Steroid
Prescribing Flarex®
Indication
Inflammatory conditions of the anterior segmentMechanism of Action
Inhibits inflammatory response, leukocyte migration, capillary dilationAvailable Quantities
5mlDosage/Instructions
1-2 drops 4 times/daySafety Info for Flarex®
Pregnancy & Nursing
Embryocidal and teratogenic in rabbits at low multiples of the human ocular dosePediatric Use
≥2 yearsContraindications, side effects, etc.
Contraindications: Hypersensitivity to fluorometholone or related corticosteroids. Contraindicated in patients with fungal or viral eye infections. Warnings: Fluorometholone is a corticosteroid and may increase the risk of elevated intraocular pressure, cataracts, and secondary eye infections. It should be used cautiously and under supervision. Common Side Effects: Common side effects include eye irritation, burning, stinging, and transient blurred vision.Fluorometholone 0.1%ophthalmic suspension - Diagnostic Dye, Local Anesthetic
Prescribing Fluoracaine®
Indication
Ophthalmic procedures requiring a disclosing agent and topical anestheticMechanism of Action
Fluorescein for staining and Proparacaine for local anesthesiaAvailable Quantities
5 mL bottleDosage/Instructions
Instill 1 to 2 drops topically in the eye as neededSafety Info for Fluoracaine®
Pregnancy & Nursing
Limited data; potential risks to the fetus not well establishedPediatric Use
All agesContraindications, side effects, etc.
Contraindications: Hypersensitivity to proparacaine, fluorescein, or any component of the formulation. Warnings/Precautions: Use with caution in patients with cardiovascular disease and hyperthyroidism. Prolonged use is not recommended due to risks like delayed wound healing and potential permanent corneal opacification with vision loss. Protect the anesthetized eye from irritation and foreign bodies. Common Side Effects: Burning sensation, stinging of eyes, and ocular hyperemia. Less common effects include allergic contact dermatitis and corneal opacity.Fluorescein Sodium 0.25%, Proparacaine Hydrochloride 0.5%ophthalmic solution - Diagnostic Dye
Prescribing Fluorescite®
Indication
Diagnostic fluorescein angiography or angioscopy of the retina and iris vasculatureMechanism of Action
Fluorescein for retinal and iris vasculature visualizationAvailable Quantities
Various packaging optionsDosage/Instructions
The normal adult dose of FLUORESCITE® Injection 10% (100 mg/mL) is 500 mg via intravenous administration.For children, the dose should be calculated on the basis of 7.7 mg for each kg of actual body weight (or 35 mg for each 10 pounds of body weight) up to a maximum of 500 mg via intravenous administrationSafety Info for Fluorescite®
Pregnancy & Nursing
Limited data; potential risks to the fetus not well establishedPediatric Use
All agesContraindications, side effects, etc.
Contraindications: Hypersensitivity to fluorescein sodium or any other ingredients in the product. Warnings/Precautions: Respiratory reactions may need intervention. Severe local tissue damage can occur with extravasation during injection. Nausea and/or vomiting are common within minutes following injection. Common Side Effects: Skin and urine discoloration, gastrointestinal distress, hypersensitivity reactions, cardiopulmonary reactions, neurologic reactions like headache, and thrombophlebitis at the injection site.Fluorescein Sodium Injection 10%injection solution - Steroid
Prescribing FML®
Indication
Corticosteroid-responsive inflammationMechanism of Action
Inhibits phospholipase A2, reducing prostaglandin synthesisAvailable Quantities
5ml, 10ml, 15mlDosage/Instructions
1 drop 2-4 times/daySafety Info for FML®
Pregnancy & Nursing
Teratogenic in rabbits at low multiples of the human ocular dosePediatric Use
≥2 yearsContraindications, side effects, etc.
Contraindications: Hypersensitivity to fluorometholone or related corticosteroids. Contraindicated in patients with fungal or viral eye infections. Warnings: Fluorometholone is a corticosteroid and may increase the risk of elevated intraocular pressure, cataracts, and secondary eye infections. It should be used cautiously and under supervision. Common Side Effects: Common side effects include eye irritation, burning, stinging, and transient blurred vision.Fluorometholone 0.1%ophthalmic suspension - Steroid
Prescribing FML® Forte
Indication
Inflammatory conditions of the anterior segmentMechanism of Action
Inhibits phospholipase A2, reducing prostaglandin synthesisAvailable Quantities
5ml, 10ml, 15mlDosage/Instructions
1 drop 2-4 times/daySafety Info for FML® Forte
Pregnancy & Nursing
Embryocidal and teratogenic in rabbits at low multiples of the human ocular dosePediatric Use
≥2 yearsContraindications, side effects, etc.
Contraindications: Hypersensitivity to fluorometholone or related corticosteroids. Contraindicated in patients with fungal or viral eye infections. Warnings: Fluorometholone is a corticosteroid and may increase the risk of elevated intraocular pressure, cataracts, and secondary eye infections. It should be used cautiously and under supervision. Common Side Effects: Common side effects include eye irritation, burning, stinging, and transient blurred vision.Fluorometholone 0.25%ophthalmic suspension - Steroid
Prescribing FML® Ointment
Indication
Corticosteroid-responsive inflammationMechanism of Action
Inhibits phospholipase A2, reducing prostaglandin synthesisAvailable Quantities
3.5 gDosage/Instructions
½ inch ribbon 1-3 times/daySafety Info for FML® Ointment
Pregnancy & Nursing
Teratogenic in rabbits at low multiples of the human ocular dosePediatric Use
≥2 yearsContraindications, side effects, etc.
Contraindications: Hypersensitivity to fluorometholone or related corticosteroids. Contraindicated in patients with fungal or viral eye infections. Warnings: Fluorometholone is a corticosteroid and may increase the risk of elevated intraocular pressure, cataracts, and secondary eye infections. It should be used cautiously and under supervision. Common Side Effects: Common side effects include eye irritation, burning, stinging, and transient blurred vision.Fluorometholone 0.1%ophthalmic ointment - Antibiotic
Prescribing Fortified Vancomycin
Indication
Corneal ulcerMechanism of Action
Inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis, effective against Gram-positive bacteria including MRSA.Available Quantities
Varies (compounded)Dosage/Instructions
Sight-threatening ulcers: 1 drop every 5 minutes for five doses, then 1 drop every 30 to 60 minutes around-the-clock. Compounding Instructions: Reconsitute 500 mg of vancomycin powder with sterile water to form a 10 ml solution. Keep refrigerated and discard after 7 days.Safety Info for Fortified Vancomycin
Pregnancy & Nursing
Limited data; use with caution in pregnancy and nursingPediatric Use
≥1 weekContraindications, side effects, etc.
Contraindications: Allergy to corn or corn products (if solution is dextrose based). Warnings: Caution in congestive heart failure, hearing loss, kidney disease. Common Side Effects: Nausea, abdominal pain, hypokalemia, dermatologic issues like exanthema, pruritus, infusion reaction, renal issues like increased serum creatinine, nephrotoxicity, and other effects like fatigue, mucosal inflammation, pyrexia​​​​​​.Vancomycin 50 mg/mlophthalmic solution - Antifungal
Prescribing Fortified Voriconazole
Indication
Fungal keratitis, fungal conjunctivitisMechanism of Action
Inhibits fungal cytochrome P450 enzymes, preventing the synthesis of ergosterol, a key component of the fungal cell membrane. Effective against a wide range of yeasts and filamentous fungi.Available Quantities
20 mlDosage/Instructions
1 drop in affected eye(s) every hour, around the clock. Compounding Instructions: Mix 1 ml of intravenous voriconazole (concentration: 10mg/mL) with 19 ml of sterile water. Filter the mixture before use. Discard within 7 days.Safety Info for Fortified Voriconazole
Pregnancy & Nursing
Use with caution in pregnancy and nursing; teratogenic in animal studiesPediatric Use
≥2 yearsContraindications, side effects, etc.
Contraindications: Galactose intolerance, Lapp lactase deficiency, glucose-galactose malabsorption. Precautions: Caution while driving, especially at night; discuss heart, liver, kidney issues with doctor. Common Side Effects: Headache, visual disturbances, nausea, vomiting, dizziness, flushing. Serious Side Effects: Fever, chills, fast heartbeat, confusion, unusual bruising/bleeding, liver issues, hallucinations, chest pain, rash, difficulty breathing, swelling, increased sensitivity to sunlight. Storage and Disposal: Store tablets at room temperature; store oral suspension in the refrigerator before mixing and at room temperature after mixing. Dispose of unused medication properly.​​​​​​Voriconazole 0.5 mg/mLophthalmic solution - Antibiotic
Prescribing Garamycin®
Indication
bacterial conjunctivitis, bacterial keratitis, bacterial keratoconjunctivitisMechanism of Action
Inhibits bacterial protein synthesis by binding to 30S ribosomal subunit, effective against various Gram-negative and some Gram-positive bacteria.
Available Quantities
5 ml, 15 mlDosage/Instructions
1-2 drops in the affected eye(s) every 4 hoursSafety Info for Garamycin®
Pregnancy & Nursing
Use with caution during pregnancy and nursing; not well studied
Pediatric Use
≥2 monthsContraindications, side effects, etc.
Contraindicated in patients with a known hypersensitivity to gentamicin. Common side effects include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, decreased appetite, pain at the injection site, headache, fever, joint pain. Serious side effects can include kidney problems, especially in older people or in people that are dehydrated.
gentamicin 0.3%ophthalmic solution - Antibiotic
Prescribing Gentamicin Ointment
Indication
bacterial conjunctivitis, bacterial keratitis, bacterial keratoconjunctivitis, corneal ulcers, blepharitis, blepharoconjunctivitis, acute meibomianitis, dacryocystitisMechanism of Action
Inhibits bacterial protein synthesis by binding to 30S ribosomal subunit, effective against various Gram-negative and some Gram-positive bacteria.
Available Quantities
3.5 gDosage/Instructions
Apply 1-2 cm ribbon in the affected eye(s) 2-3 times/daySafety Info for Gentamicin Ointment
Pregnancy & Nursing
Use with caution during pregnancy and nursing; not well studied
Pediatric Use
≥2 monthsContraindications, side effects, etc.
Contraindicated in patients with a known hypersensitivity to gentamicin. Common side effects include skin irritation, redness, and itching. Rarely, use of this medication for prolonged or repeated periods may result in other types of skin infections.
gentamicin 0.3%ophthalmic ointment - Mydriatics/Cycloplegics
Prescribing Homatropine
Indication
Cycloplegic refraction, pupil dilation in acute inflammatory conditions of the iris and uveal tractMechanism of Action
Homatropine sulfate is a competitive muscarinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist. It blocks the action of acetylcholine, leading to pupil dilation (mydriasis) and paralysis of the ciliary muscle (cycloplegia). This action is utilized in cycloplegic refraction and reducing inflammation in uveitis/iritis.Available Quantities
5 mlDosage/Instructions
For uveitis/iritis: 1 or 2 drops of 5% up to every 3 or 4 hours (twice to four times daily is common). For children: 1 drop of 2% twice or three times daily. For cycloplegia: Instill 1 or 2 drops of 2%, repeat in 5 to 10 minutes if necessarySafety Info for Homatropine
Pregnancy & Nursing
Use with caution during pregnancy; animal reproduction studies have not been conductedPediatric Use
≥3 monthsContraindications, side effects, etc.
Contraindications: Allergic reaction to homatropine or related drugs. Warnings: Use with caution in patients with narrow-angle glaucoma. Common Side Effects: Blurred vision, light sensitivity, stinging or burning sensation.Homatropine HBr 2%, 5%ophthalmic solution - NSAID
Prescribing Ilevro®
Indication
Treatment of pain and inflammation associated with cataract surgeryMechanism of Action
After topical ocular dosing, nepafenac penetrates the cornea and is converted by ocular tissue hydrolases to amfenac, which inhibits prostaglandin synthesis by blocking cyclooxygenase (COX)Available Quantities
1.7ml, 3mlDosage/Instructions
1 drop daily beginning 1 day before cataract surgery, on the day of surgery, an additional drop 30 to 120 minutes prior to surgery, and continue for 2 weeksSafety Info for Ilevro®
Pregnancy & Nursing
Pregnancy Category C; not recommended during late pregnancy due to effects on the fetal cardiovascular system. Not known if excreted in human milkPediatric Use
≥10 yearsContraindications, side effects, etc.
Contraindications: Hypersensitivity to nepafenac or related NSAIDs. It is contraindicated in patients with a history of asthma, urticaria, or other allergic-type reactions after taking aspirin or other NSAIDs. Warnings: Nepafenac can cause eye irritation and burning upon instillation. It may also increase the risk of ocular complications and should be used cautiously in certain eye conditions. Common Side Effects: Common side effects include eye irritation, stinging or burning sensation, eye redness, and blurred vision.Nepafenac Suspension 0.3%ophthalmic suspension - Diagnostic Dye
Prescribing Indocyanine Green
Indication
Retinal and choroidal angiographyMechanism of Action
Water-soluble tricarbocyanine dye, peak absorption at 805 nm, maximal emission at 835 nm, bound to plasma proteins for choroidal vasculature imagingAvailable Quantities
25 mg vialDosage/Instructions
Adults: Standard intravenous dose is 25 mg in 5 ml solvent. Children: Dosage adjusted based on body weight.Safety Info for Indocyanine Green
Pregnancy & Nursing
Limited data; potential risks to the fetus not well establishedPediatric Use
All agesContraindications, side effects, etc.
Contraindications: Should be used with caution in patients with a history of allergy to iodides due to the risk of anaphylaxis. Warnings and Precautions: Anaphylaxis deaths have been reported. The dye is unstable in aqueous solution and must be used within 6 hours. It interferes with radioactive iodine uptake studies. Common Side Effects: Anaphylactic or urticarial reactions, even in patients without a history of allergy to iodides.Indocyanine Greeninjection solution - NSAID
Prescribing Indomethacin
Indication
Mild to moderate anterior scleritisMechanism of Action
Blocks production of prostaglandins by inhibiting cyclooxygenase and triggers anti-inflammatory NRF2 proteinAvailable Quantities
30 extended release capsules / 75mgDosage/Instructions
75 mg extended release p.o. b.i.d. for up to 14 daysSafety Info for Indomethacin
Pregnancy & Nursing
C – Risk cannot be ruled out prior to 30 weeks gestation; D – Positive evidence of risk starting at 30 weeks gestationPediatric Use
≥15 yearsContraindications, side effects, etc.
Contraindications: Hypersensitivity to indomethacin or related NSAIDs (nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs). Contraindicated in patients with a history of asthma, urticaria, or other allergic-type reactions after taking aspirin or other NSAIDs. Warnings: Indomethacin can cause stomach irritation, ulceration, or bleeding. It may also increase the risk of cardiovascular events and should be used cautiously in patients with a history of heart disease. It should be avoided in the third trimester of pregnancy. Common Side Effects: Common side effects include stomach discomfort, nausea, diarrhea, headache, and dizziness.Indomethacinoral capsule - Allergy, Steroid
Prescribing Inflamase Forte®
Indication
Allergic conjunctivitis, superficial punctate keratitis, iritis, cyclitisMechanism of Action
Inhibits phospholipase A2, reducing prostaglandin synthesisAvailable Quantities
5ml, 10ml, 15mlDosage/Instructions
Varies; up to every hour during the day and every two hours at night as initial therapySafety Info for Inflamase Forte®
Pregnancy & Nursing
Animal reproductive studies not conductedPediatric Use
No studiesContraindications, side effects, etc.
Contraindications: Hypersensitivity to prednisolone or related corticosteroids. Contraindicated in patients with untreated bacterial, fungal, or viral eye infections. Warnings: Prednisolone sodium phosphate is a corticosteroid and may increase the risk of elevated intraocular pressure, cataract formation, and secondary eye infections. It should be used cautiously and under supervision. Common Side Effects: Common side effects include increased eye pressure, eye discomfort, and transient blurred vision.Prednisolone Sodium Phosphate 1.0%ophthalmic solution - Steroid
Prescribing Inveltys®
Indication
Post-operative inflammation and painMechanism of Action
Inhibits inflammatory response, leukocyte migration, capillary dilationAvailable Quantities
2.8 mlDosage/Instructions
1-2 drops twice dailySafety Info for Inveltys®
Pregnancy & Nursing
Not absorbed systemically, not expected to result in fetal exposurePediatric Use
No studiesContraindications, side effects, etc.
Contraindications: Hypersensitivity to loteprednol etabonate or related corticosteroids. Contraindicated in patients with fungal or viral eye infections. Warnings: Loteprednol etabonate is a corticosteroid and may increase the risk of elevated intraocular pressure, cataracts, and secondary eye infections. It should be used cautiously and under supervision. Common Side Effects: Common side effects include eye irritation, burning, and stinging.Loteprednol Etabonate 1%ophthalmic suspension - Antiglaucoma
Prescribing Iopidine®
Indication
Short-term adjunctive therapy in patients requiring additional IOP reduction on maximally tolerated medical therapy. Commonly used pre- and post-ocular surgery to control or prevent elevations in IOP.Mechanism of Action
Apraclonidine is an alpha adrenergic agonist that primarily acts by reducing aqueous humor production and slightly increasing uveoscleral outflow. This action helps lower intraocular pressure.Available Quantities
5 ml, 10 ml, 0.1 ml singles (2 per pouch)Dosage/Instructions
1 drop of IOPIDINE* 1% Ophthalmic Solution should be instilled in the scheduled operative eye 1 hour before initiating anterior segment laser surgery and a second drop should be instilled to the same eye immediately upon completion of the laser surgical procedure. If using for adjunctive glaucoma therapy, 1 drop can be instilled 2 to 3 times daily.Safety Info for Iopidine®
Pregnancy & Nursing
Use with caution during pregnancy and nursing. No adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women.Pediatric Use
Not recommendedContraindications, side effects, etc.
Contraindications: Iopidine is contraindicated in patients with hypersensitivity to apraclonidine or any other component of the formulation. It should also not be used in patients taking monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) due to the potential for a hypertensive crisis. Warnings: Caution is advised in patients with cardiovascular disease, cerebrovascular insufficiency, chronic renal failure, Raynaud’s disease, orthostatic hypotension, or thromboangiitis obliterans. The drug should be used with caution in patients with severe or unstable and uncontrolled cardiovascular disease. Possible Side Effects: Adverse events reported in less than 2% of patients include ocular injection, upper lid elevation, irregular heart rate, nasal decongestion, ocular inflammation, conjunctival blanching, and mydriasis. Other observed adverse events include conjunctival blanching, upper lid elevation, mydriasis, burning, discomfort, foreign body sensation, dryness, itching, hypotony, blurred or dimmed vision, allergic response, conjunctival microhemorrhage, abdominal pain, diarrhea, stomach discomfort, emesis, bradycardia, vasovagal attack, palpitations, orthostatic episode, insomnia, dream disturbances, irritability, decreased libido, taste abnormalities, dry mouth, nasal burning or dryness, headache, chest heaviness or burning, clammy or sweaty palms, body heat sensation, shortness of breath, increased pharyngeal secretion, extremity pain or numbness, fatigue, paresthesia, pruritus not associated with rash, and hypersensitivityApraclonidine 0.5%, (1% singles)ophthalmic solution - Antiglaucoma
Prescribing Iyuzeh®
Indication
Reduction of IOP in open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension. Optimal for evening use but morning dosing is acceptable.Mechanism of Action
Latanoprost, a prostaglandin analog, works by increasing uveoscleral aqueous outflow, potentially by loosening intercellular spaces in the ciliary muscle. This leads to a significant reduction in intraocular pressure.Available Quantities
30 single dose containers (0.2 mL each)Dosage/Instructions
1 drop in the affected eye(s) once daily in the eveningSafety Info for Iyuzeh®
Pregnancy & Nursing
Use with caution during pregnancy and nursing. No adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women.Pediatric Use
No studiesContraindications, side effects, etc.
Contraindications include hypersensitivity to the drug or its ingredients. Common side effects include blurred vision, burning/stinging/itching/redness of the eye, changes in eyelash number/color/length/thickness, eyelid changes/skin darkening, dry eye, lid crusting/discomfort, or increased sensitivity to light. Serious side effects include eye pain, suspected eye infection, and rapid vision changes such as loss of vision.Latanoprost 0.005%ophthalmic solution
