The angle between the pupillary axis, which passes through the center of the entrance pupil and is perpendicular to the cornea, and the visual axis, which connects the fixation point with the fovea. A positive angle kappa occurs when the pupillary axis is nasal to the visual axis, which is the typical configuration. Angle kappa is often confused with angle lambda, which is the angle between the pupillary axis and line of sight.
The angle between the pupillary axis, which passes through the center of the entrance pupil and is perpendicular to the cornea, and the visual axis, which connects the fixation point with the fovea. A positive angle kappa occurs when the pupillary axis is nasal to the visual axis, which is the typical configuration. Angle kappa […]
angle kappa
Sources
American Academy of Ophthalmology (2020) ‘Optics of the Human Eye’, Basic and Clinical Science Course, Section 3: Clinical Optics.
Basmak, H., Sahin, A., Yildirim, N., Papakostas, T.D. and Kanellopoulos, A.J. (2007) ‘Measurement of angle kappa with synoptophore and Orbscan II in a normal population’, Journal of Refractive Surgery, 23(5), pp. 456–460.
Gatinel, D. (2018) Pupillary axis, kappa angle. Available at: https://www.gatinel.com/en/recherche-formation/pupillary-axis-kappa-angle/ (Accessed: 4 May 2024).
Moshirfar, M., Hoggan, R.N. and Muthappan, V. (2013) ‘Angle Kappa and its importance in refractive surgery’, Oman Journal of Ophthalmology, 6(3), pp. 151–158.
Rutstein, R., Daum, K. (1997) Anomalies of Binocular Vision: Diagnosis & Management, Mosby, pp. 347.